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The Chemistry of Essential Oils-Essential Oils from Plant Sources
Parts of many plants are odorous as a result of their content of essential oils. Because, once produced, an essential oil is either released, as from a fragrant flower, or it it stored by a plant until it eventually evaporates or deteriorates when the plant dies, it is regarded as an end-product of the metabolism of the plant.The essential oil of an aromatic plant is stored in oil cells, glands or vessels and in most instances of extremely complex composition , consisting of hundreds of different constituents. The fragrance of a scented flower is given by the vapour of an essential oil, released from specialized oil glands, the purpose of which is not to delight our senses, but to attract pollinating insects. Essential oils stored in the heartwood of oil-bearing trees, such as those of Cedarwood, Rosewood and Sandalwood, may act to preserve the integrity of the trunk against the ravages of microorganisms and insects, so maintaining the leaves at a height sufficent to recieve maximum Sunlight, those present in aromatic plant exudates may function to kill pathogenic micro-organisms.Examples, here are the exudates known as Gum Benzoin (really an oleoresin) Myrrh and Olibanum (Frankincense). These are produced at a very slow rate naturally off the living, girth– increasing and conducting tissues beneath, which perform functions vital to the continued life of the plant.Aromatic plants and the essential oils that they containhave long found extensive use in medicine and pharmacy, perfumery and flavouring, and are the subject of continuing and increasingly penetrating research to elucidate their composition, with particular interest being centered upon the discovery of novel constituents.
Ref:David G. Williams |